Effects of Eccentric Phase Velocity on Bench Press Concentric Bar Velocity in the Young and Elderly.

This study aimed to investigate the impact of bar velocity during the eccentric phase on subsequent concentric performance in the young and elderly. Twelve elderly women (65.2+4.2 years) and 16 young women (23.1+2.1 years) were randomly assigned to four experimental conditions that combined high-velocity eccentric actions (HVECC; maximum velocity) and moderate-velocity eccentric actions (MVECC; 2.0 s), using 30% and 60% of their 1-repetition maximum (1RM) on the Smith machine bench press. Measurements of mean propulsive velocity (MPV), peak velocity (PV), and mean power (MP) were recorded. Two-way ANOVA with repeated measures was applied for each variable, when needed, the Bonferroni post hoc was used. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05, and effect size (ES) was established by Cohen's d z. The results demonstrated that elderly women showed improved performance in MPV (+10.0%; ES=- 0.58; p=0.009) and MP (+11.7%; ES=- 0.14; p=0.045) when utilizing HVECC at 30% 1RM only. Moreover, young women exhibited superior performance for both 30% and 60% 1RM when using HVECC for all variables analyzed (p<0.05). The HVECC appears to have an impact on the subsequent performance of the concentric phase, particularly when lighter loads (30% 1RM) are utilized, regardless of the age group.

Efeitos do treinamento de caminhada em esteira sobre o equilíbrio e sintomas motores de pessoas com doença de parkinson: uma revisão da literatura / Effects of treadmill walking training on balance and motor symptoms in parkinson's disease: a literature review

A doença de Parkinson (DP) apresenta prejuízo no equilíbrio e piora de sintomas motores, os quais podem aumentar o risco de quedas. O exercício físico tem se mostrado uma estratégia eficaz para combater os sintomas e o avanço da DP. A caminhada parece ser uma das estratégias mais utilizadas dentro da reabilitação na DP. Além disso, a caminhada realizada em esteira parece ser segura e eficaz para o tratamento da DP. No entanto, para nosso conhecimento, não foi realizada uma revisão abrangente da literatura que aborde os efeitos do treinamento físico de caminhada em esteira sobre o equilíbrio e sintomas motores de indivíduos com DP. Diante disso, o objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar os efeitos do treinamento físico de caminhada em esteira sobre o equilíbrio, medido por meio da escala de equilíbrio de Berg (EEB) e sintomas motores, medido por meio da escala UPDRS-III ou UPDRS-M (Unified Parkinson's disease rating scale ­ III ou motor scale) em indivíduos com DP. Foi realizada uma busca na literatura nas bases de dados PubMed e SciELO utilizando as seguintes palavras-chave: "Parkinson disease", "Walking" e "Exercise". Um total de 11 artigos foram incluídos para leitura na íntegra. Ao fim do processo de leitura, foram incluídos oito artigos para extração dos dados. Foi observado que existem diferentes modelos de treinamento físico de caminhada em esteira, sendo que o mais utilizado é com a suspensão do peso corporal, aparecendo em cinco artigos. Além disso, um estudo investigou os efeitos da caminhada nórdica em esteira, e outros dois investigaram os efeitos da caminhada convencional em esteira com modelo de prescrição baseado na velocidade autosselecionada. Todos estudos demonstraram efeito positivo do treinamento físico de caminhada, demonstrando melhora no equilíbrio funcional e sintomas motores de indivíduos com DP quando comparados a um grupo controle. (AU)

Parkinson's disease (PD) impairs balance and worsens motor symptoms, increasing the risk of falls. Physical exercise has been shown to be an effective strategy to combat the symptoms and progress of PD. Walking seems to be one of the most used strategies within PD rehabilitation. In addition, walking on a treadmill appears to be safe and effective for the treatment of PD. However, to our knowledge, a comprehensive literature review that addresses the effects of physical walking training on the treadmill on balance and motor symptoms of individuals with PD has not been performed. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare the effects of physical training in treadmill walking on balance, measured using the Berg balance scale and motor symptoms, measured using the UPDRS-III or UPDRS-M scale (Unified Parkinson's disease rating scale - III or motor scale) in individuals with PD. A literature search was performed in the PubMed and SciELO databases using the following keywords: "Parkinson's disease", "Walking" and "Exercise". At the end of the selection process, eight articles were included for data extraction. It was observed that there are different models of physical training for walking on a treadmill, the most used being with the suspension of body weight, appearing in five articles. In addition, one study investigated the effects of Nordic walking on a treadmill, and two others investigated the effects of conventional walking on a treadmill with a prescription model based on self-selected speed. All studies demonstrated a positive effect of physical walking training, showing improvement in the functional balance and motor symptoms of individuals with PD when compared with control group. (AU)

Can Samba and Forró Brazilian rhythmic dance be more effective than walking in improving functional mobility and spatiotemporal gait parameters in patients with Parkinson's disease?

BACKGROUND: Parkinson's disease (PD) causes motor and nonmotor disorders in patients. Unlike aerobic training, potential adaptations from the practice of dance are less understood in PD, particularly compared with better known exercise modes. This study aimed to verify and compare the effects of a Brazilian dance program, inspired by Samba and Forrró rhythms, and a walking program on functional mobility and spatiotemporal gait parameters in patients with PD. METHODS: Eighteen participants with PD were divided into a dance group (DG) and a walking group (WG) and were assessed before and after an intervention period of 24 1-h sessions, performed twice per week for 12 weeks. The timed-up-and-go test (TUG) and walking kinematics at self-selected speed (SSS) and fast speed (FS) were determined. The generalized estimating equation method was used to compare the DG and WG pre- and post-intervention and to evaluate the group*time interaction (α <  0.05). RESULTS: Both groups demonstrated a significant improvement in TUG test at SSS (p = 0.02; effect size [ES] = 0.42) and FS (p = 0.02; ES = 0.24). In general, spatiotemporal parameters remained unchanged, except at SSS, in which the DG increased the stride frequency (p = 0.011; ES = 0.72). At FS, the swing time demonstrated a significant group*time interaction (p <  0.001; ES = 1.10), in which the two groups exhibited different behaviors: DG decreased (p = 0.015) and WG increased (p = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS: Functional mobility improved similarly in both groups. The results suggest that a 12-week program of Brazilian dance was sufficient to produce improvements in functional mobility and gait in individuals with PD. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study is registered with the International Clinical Trial Registry under number NCT03370315 . Registered December 28, 2017 - Retrospectively registered.

A 9-Week Nordic and Free Walking Improve Postural Balance in Parkinson's Disease.

Aerobic training has a neuroprotective effect in people with Parkinson's disease. Recent evidence indicates that Nordic walking seems a promising alternative due to positive outcomes in functional mobility. However, the effects of Nordic walking compared to free walking on static and functional balance parameters are still unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of nine weeks of Nordic and free walking training on static and functional balance. The sample size was 33 individuals with eight dropouts, leaving 25 individuals in the final sample (Nordic Walking, n=14, Free Walking, n=11). The participants underwent two evaluations in the present randomized clinical trial, pre- and post-training, to determine average velocity and root-mean-square values from center of pressure with eyes open and eyes closed. The functional balance showed approximately 5% improvement for the two groups ( p =0.04). The results indicate that nine weeks of Nordic and free walking training were enough to induce improvements in the proprioceptive system and functional balance.

Effects of dance practice on functional mobility, motor symptoms and quality of life in people with Parkinson's disease: a systematic review with meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Patients with Parkinson's Disease (PD) undergo motor injuries, which decrease their quality of life (QL). Dance, added to drug therapy, can help treating these patients AIMS: To conduct a systematic review with meta-analysis with the aim to analyze the effects of dance classes in comparison to other interventions or to the absence of intervention, in randomized clinical trials (RCTs), on functional mobility, motor symptoms and QL of PD patients METHODS: The search was conducted in MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO, Cochrane and PsycINFO (last searched in August 2017). RCTs analyzing dance effects in comparison to other physical training types or to no intervention, on functional mobility, motor symptoms and QL of PD patients were selected. The outcomes assessed were motor symptoms with Unified PD Rating Scale III (UPDRSIII), functional mobility with Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), endurance with 6 min walking test (6MWT), freezing of gait with Freezing of Gait Questionnaire (FOG_Q), walking velocity with GAITRite and QL with PD Questionnaire (PDQ39). Two reviewers independently extracted methodological quality and studies data. Results are presented as weighted mean differences. RESULTS: Five RCTs were included, totaling 159 patients. Dance promoted significant improvements on UPDRSIII, and a decrease in TUG time when compared to other types of exercise. In comparison to the absence of intervention, dance practice also showed significant improvements in motor scores. CONCLUSION: Dance can improve motor parameters of the disease and patients' functional mobility.

Aspectos biomecânicos da locomoção de pessoas com doença de Parkinson: revisão narrativa / Biomechanical aspects of locomotion people with Parkinson's disease: review study / Aspectos biomecánicos de la locomoción de personas con enfermedad de Parkinson: una revisión

Resumo A presente revisão narrativa tem por objetivo analisar os aspectos biomecânicos da locomoção e os efeitos de intervenções nos padrões da marcha de pessoas com doença de Parkinson (DP). Fez-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica no banco de dados dos sistemas SciELO e PubMed, com as seguintes palavras: human locomotion, biomechanics, pathologic gait e Parkinson's disease, em periódicos nacionais e internacionais. Concluímos que as principais alterações biomecânicas são nos parâmetros espaçotemporais, como menor comprimento de passada e estabilidade dinâmica, além da baixa ativação muscular nos músculos propulsores, bem como menor velocidade autosselecionada da marcha. Fazem-se necessários protocolos de treinamento de caminhada que considerem esses parâmetros para auxiliar a reabilitação da marcha de pessoas com DP.

Abstract The purpose of this review was to analyze the biomechanical aspects of walking in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD), as well as to examine the effects of intervention on gait pattern of PD. We carried out a bibliographic search on electronic databases SciELO and PubMed, using the following words: human locomotion, biomechanics, pathologic gait e Parkinson's disease, in national and international scientific journals. The main alterations on walking biomechanics are related to spatiotemporal parameters, lower stride length and dynamical stability, as well as reduced electromyographic activation on propulsion muscles and lower self-selected speed. These outcomes seem to be important targets in walking training protocols for rehabilitation of gait in PD.

Resumen La presente revisión tiene por objetivo analizar los aspectos biomecánicos de la locomoción y los efectos de las intervenciones en los patrones de la marcha en personas con enfermedad de Parkinson (EP). Se realizó una investigación bibliográfica en las bases de datos SciELO y PubMed, utilizando las siguientes palabras:human locomotion, biomechanics, pathologic gait y Parkinson's disease, en revistas nacionales e internacionales indexadas. Se llegó a la conclusión de que las principales alteraciones biomecánicas se encuentran en los parámetros espacio-temporales, como menor longitud de la zancada y estabilidad dinámica, además de una baja activación electromiográfica de los músculos propulsores, como menor velocidad autoseleccionada de la marcha. Estos resultados convierten en necesarios protocolos de entrenamiento de la marcha que tengan en cuenta estos parámetros para la rehabilitación de personas con EP.